­ Risk assessments of supplier’s products should take into account all relevant factors, including applicable legal environment and other aspects of supplier’s ecosystem, as these factors may be relevant to stakeholders’ efforts to maintain the highest possible level of cyber security. ­ When building up resilience and security, it should be taken into consideration that malicious cyber activities do not always require the exploitation of a technical vulnerability, e.g. in the event of insider attack. ­ In order to increase the benefits of global communication, States should adopt policies to enable efficient and secure network data flows. ­ Stakeholders should take into consideration technological changes accompanying 5G networks roll out, e.g. use of edge computing and software defined network/network function virtualization, and its impact on overall security of communication channels. ­ Customer – whether the government, operator, or manufacturer -- must be able to be informed about the origin and pedigree of components and software that affect the security level of the product or service, according to state of art and relevant commercial and technical practices, including transparency of maintenance, updates, and remediation of the products and services. C. Economy ­ A diverse and vibrant communications equipment market and supply chain are essential for security and economic resilience. ­ Robust investment in research and development benefits the global economy and technological advancement and is a way to potentially increase diversity of technological solutions with positive effects on security of communication networks ­ Communication networks and network services should be financed openly and transparently using standard best practices in procurement, investment, and contracting. ­ State-sponsored incentives, subsidies, or financing of 5G communication networks and service providers should respect principles of fairness, be commercially reasonable, conducted openly and transparently, based on open market competitive principles, while taking into account trade obligations. ­ Effective oversight on key financial and investment instruments influencing telecommunication network development is critical. ­ Communication networks and network service providers should have transparent ownership, partnerships, and corporate governance structures. D. Security, Privacy, and Resilience ­ All stakeholders including industry should work together to promote security and resilience of national critical infrastructure networks, systems, and connected devices. ­ Sharing experience and best practices, including assistance, as appropriate, with mitigation, investigation, response, and recovery from network attacks, compromises, or disruptions should be promoted. 4