research and development of the necessary applications3 and services. It also indicates the prerequisites for the deployment of 5G networks, the opportunities to finance some activities, the support for testing new technologies relating to 5G networks and, last but not least, the security of 5G networks. It is important to note that implementation and development of 5G networks in the Czech Republic must be undertaken in accordance with the state aid rules and relevant legal regulations must be applied in the given area in case of identification of the cumulative fulfilment of the defining elements of state aid. The document does not address the construction of optical networks, which will also support 5G networks. This issue will be addressed in the National Plan for the Development of Very-High-Capacity Networks, which is currently being prepared by the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Without the close cooperation of the state administration with various market players, from business, which is the main implementer of the transition to 5G networks and services, to cities and villages, academia and consumer representatives, it will not be possible to fulfil this plan. The 5G network system and mechanism and the advanced digital applications and services operated and delivered through them, including the interconnection of people and devices, will constitute a complex ecosystem with an unprecedented impact on the development of the whole of human civilisation. In electronic communications, we are at the beginning of a significant convergence of fixed networks (especially high-capacity optical networks) and mobile networks. This is demonstrated by the results of DESI 20194 for the Czech Republic. Figure No. 1: Results of DESI 2019 for the Czech Republic (Source: European Union) The document defines the implementation milestones of the actual implementation, while it is necessary to emphasise that many relevant key topics are already addressed in strategic documents, especially the 3 4 An application is an application of a service or group of services using a device, infrastructure, processes and procedures. Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) (https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/scoreboard/czechrepublic). 5