Chapter two CRIME AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY 1. General provisions on crime and criminal liability Crime Article 7 Crime shall be considered an unlawful act which is determined by law to be a crime, and whose characteristics are determined by law. Act of minor significance Article 8 (1) An act shall not be considered a crime even though it contains characteristics of a crime, when it is an act of minor significance, due to the lack or insignificance of the harmful consequences and the low level of criminal liability of the offender. (2) The provision referred to in paragraph 1 may be applied to a crime for which a law prescribes a fine or an imprisonment sentence of up to three years. Self-defense Article 9 (1) An act shall not be considered criminal, should it be committed in self-defense. (2) Self-defense shall be the defense, necessary for the offender to avert a simultaneous unlawful attack upon himself or upon another. (3) The offender who has exceeded the limits of self-defense may be punished more leniently, and if the exceeding was done due to a strong irritation or fear caused by the attack, he may be acquitted from sentence. Extreme necessity Article 10 (1) An act shall not be considered criminal, if committed in extreme necessity. (2) Extreme necessity shall exist when the crime is committed in order for the offender to avert from him or from another a simultaneous obvious danger, which could not be averted in some other way and hereby the perpetrated evil is not greater than the threatening evil. 3/217