This is an unofficial English translation of the Electronic Commerce and Transactions Law of the State of Qatar which will be adopted and applied by Supreme Council for Information and Communication Technology (ictQATAR). The Arabic version of the same Law is the definitive legal text. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE AND TRANSACTIONS LAW Chapter One Definitions Article (1) In the application of this Law, the following terms and expressions shall have the meanings assigned to each of them unless the context requires otherwise: Accessible: the capability to view, gain access to, retrieve, use or obtain information. Addressee: a person who is intended by the originator of the data message to receive the data message, but does not include a person acting as an intermediary with respect to that message. Automated message system: a computer system or any other electronic or automated means used to initiate or respond to electronic communications or related actions, in whole or in part, without review or intervention by a natural person. Caching: the temporary storage of information in one or more information systems, whereby information is stored to enable access to it on a frequent basis. Certification certificate: a document issued by a certification service provider confirming the valid link between a signatory and the signature creation information. Certification service provider: a person licensed to maintain public key infrastructure, to issue certification certificates and to provide related electronic signature services. Commerce service: a service normally provided for remuneration, or a service of a noncommercial nature, provided by means of any combination of an information system and any telecommunications network or telecommunications service, including electronic government services. Consumer: a person who is acting for purposes other than those of his trade, business or profession. Customer: a person engaging in a transaction as part of an electronic commerce service. Data message: information generated, sent, received, processed, stored or displayed by one or more information systems or by means of electronic communication. Electronic: technology based on using electrical, electromagnetic or optical means or any other form of similar technological means. 3