 U.S. Office of Personnel Management, “Guide to Internships, Fellowships, Apprenticeships, and Other Programs,” January 2023, https://chcoc.gov/sites/default/files/Guide%20to%20Internships%20Fellowships%201-19-2023.pdf. 124 “Federal Internship Portal,” USAJOBS, U.S. Office of Personnel Management, https://intern.usajobs.gov/Search/Results?hp=student&wt=15328&s=salary&sd=desc&p=1. 125 To date, only about 6% of cyber job postings by departments and agencies have included this NICE work role information (data provided by OPM). 126 OPM’s efforts have already produced shared hiring certificates for IT Product Manager, GS-2210-14, 15 (Originating Agency: DHS- CISA), and Human-Centered Designer, GS-2210-14, 15 (Originating Agency: DHS-CISA). 127 “Securing a Nation: Improving Federal Cybersecurity Hiring in the United States,” Burning Glass Technologies, 2021, p. 23, https://www.datocms-assets.com/62658/1661873045-securing_nation_federal_cybersecurity_hiring1.pdf. 128 In addition, the NICE Framework includes competency areas, which are defined as “a cluster of related Knowledge and Skill statements that correlates with one’s capability to perform Tasks in a particular domain.” Competency areas can help learners discover areas of interest, inform career planning and development, identify gaps for knowledge and skills development, and provide a means of assessing or demonstrating a learner’s capabilities in the domain. 129 U.S. Department of Defense, “DoD Cyber Workforce Strategy, 2023–2027,” March 1, 2023, https://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/Library/CWF-Strategy.pdf. 130 “Federal Virtual Training Environment (FedVTE)” https://fedvte.usalearning.gov/ 131 “CyberVets Program” https://www.cms.gov/about-cms/careers-cms/cms-cybervets-program 123 For example, in fiscal year 2019, only 320 IT Specialists out of the more than 84,000 eligible benefited from student loan repayments. As a second example, critical pay authority is currently available for 800 positions, and only 47 have been used (data provided by OPM). 134 Recently, the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Attorney General have been granted the authority (by sec. 401 of the Abolish Trafficking Reauthorization Act of 2022, Public L. No. 117-347, 136 Stat. 6199 (2023)) to provide increased incentive pay to DHS and Department of Justice employees identified as possessing cyber skills. As of this writing, these authorities have not yet been implemented. 135 “Cyber Career Pathways Tool,” NICCS: National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies, https://niccs.cisa.gov/workforce-development/cyber-career-pathways-tool. 136 Kiran A. Ahuja, Director, U.S. Office of Personnel Management, memorandum, “Guidance for Implementing Federal Rotational Cyber Workforce Program,” March 17, 2023, https://chcoc.gov/content/guidance-implementingfederal-rotational-cyber-workforce-program. 137 OPM tip sheets are available at https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/future-of-the-workforce/cybersecurityhiring-resource-hub/memo-attachment-2-infographic-48.pdf; an executive playbook that outlines hiring authorities available to agencies can be found at https://chcoc.gov/sites/default/files/TalentSurgeHiringAuthorities.pdf; and the cybersecurity hiring resource hub is at https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/future-of-theworkforce/cybersecurity-hiring-resource-hub/. 138 Defined by American Library Association Digital Literacy Task Force, as quoted in “Launching a Digital Literacy Accelerator: An Overview and Lessons Learned,” Office of Educational Technology, U.S. Department of Education, p. 1, https://tech.ed.gov/files/2022/10/DLA_Report_Launching_Digital_Literacy_Accelerator.pdf. 139 White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, “2022 Progress Report on the Implementation of the Federal STEM Education Strategic Plan,” January 2023, p. 12, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wpcontent/uploads/2023/02/Final_2022_CoSTEM_Progress_Report.pdf. 140 White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, “2022 Progress Report on the Implementation of the Federal STEM Education Strategic Plan,” January 2023, p. 12, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wpcontent/uploads/2023/02/Final_2022_CoSTEM_Progress_Report.pdf. 141 Digital US, “Building a Digitally Resilient Workforce: Creating On-Ramps to Opportunity,” May 2020, p. 6, https://digitalus.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/DigitalUS-Report-pages-20200602.pdf. 142 “The Office of the National Cyber Director Requests Insight and Expertise on Cyber Workforce, Training, and Education: An RFI & Virtual Reverse Stakeholder Day Effort,” https://www.whitehouse.gov/wpcontent/uploads/2022/10/ONCD-Workforce-and-Education-RFI.pdf. 133 57 NATIONAL CYBER WORKFORCE AND EDUCATION STRATEGY