 Cyber-Related Learning Phases Cyber Device Interaction and Career Awareness As children are developing basic motor skills, the introduction of technology and safety concepts can be delivered with or without electronic devices. Skill development requires understanding cause and effect through interactions with technological devices and provides an opportunity for educators to introduce the risks in an age-appropriate manner. Grammar school is a prime opportunity to illuminate foundational cyber skills across professions. Cyber Career Exploration Project-based learning with cyber components can help middle schoolers explore career aspirations. Ecosystem stakeholders should provide learners access to career exploration activities while bolstering technical and employability skills that improve understanding of workplace expectations. Cyber Career Preparation As learners prepare to enter the workforce education programs that serve teens should increase the availability of applied and interdisciplinary approaches to provide hands-on learning opportunities. Interdisciplinary approaches to cyber education have the added benefit of attracting underserved and underrepresented populations to cyber careers. State and local education agencies should ensure students are prepared for both college and careers when they graduate from high school or achieve high school equivalency. Approaches such as early college models, career academies, Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC), career and technical education programs of study, and paid work learning opportunities that include sector-relevant cyber skills development should be available to all learners. Cyber Skill Training Education and training programs become more differentiated in design and specialized in content as learners enter the workforce and further their education. Institutions are adapting to accommodate the demands of learners and labor markets with project-based and work-based applied learning approaches incorporated in greater numbers of academic programs. Integrated education and training (IET) programs and the introduction of applied learning and skill development in four-year academic programs are emerging best practices, which leverage the strengths of both education and training within a single program. 19 NATIONAL CYBER WORKFORCE AND EDUCATION STRATEGY