level so that their outcome can be more quickly incorporated into existing and future capabilities. The Commission under the EDF is funding technological innovation for defence and supporting the development of emerging and disruptive as well as cutting-edge technologies, including for cyber defence. Up to 8% of the EDF budget is allocated to topics addressing disruptive technologies for defence, including some topics pertinent to cyber defence. Special attention under the EDF in forthcoming years will be given to research actions and projects addressing new technologies developed against emerging and evolving threats as well as increasing resilience, cybersecurity and their integration into defence capabilities. In line with the EDTs Action plan46, EDA will annually inform Member States on the landscape of emerging technologies, including those applicable to cyber defence. Furthermore, EDA will develop the European EDTs Strategic Assessment to support Member States in taking longterm strategic directions, identifying synergies and collaborative opportunities. The European Cybersecurity Competence Centre (ECCC) will adopt a strategic agenda for investment in key cybersecurity areas, which in turn will guide the preparation of future work programmes of the Digital Europe and Horizon Europe programmes in relation to cybersecurity, respectively supporting research, innovation and market uptake. To foster synergies, ECCC and EDA will also develop a working arrangement to facilitate information sharing among respective staffs on respectively civil, dual use and defence technology priorities. Acting on the technology needs for cyber defence Further action and coordination is needed to ensure that the rapid technological evolution in the cyber domain is swiftly taken up by the defence sector. This includes stepping up efforts to identify critical technologies for cyber defence and cybersecurity that should be prioritised to reduce technological dependencies of the EU and assess whether current priority setting and funding instruments sufficiently address these dependencies. For this, the Commission together with EDA and the Member States will propose in 2023 a technology roadmap for critical cyber technologies based on relevant consultations, including with industry where appropriate. The technology roadmap will identify cyber technologies important for the EU´s technological sovereignty, cover both cyber defence and cybersecurity, map technological developments and strategic dependencies and act to reduce them. The cyber technology roadmap will inform strategic priorities for the EU’s funding instruments and will propose taking full advantage of civil and defence research and development and capability development programmes and funding instruments in line with their respective governance rules. It will also propose further ways to encourage the development of dual-use research, technology development and innovation on cybersecurity and cyber defence at EU and Member States level. In this context, the Commission47 in cooperation with the ECCC and EDA in 2023 will assess technologies that have already been identified as critical for cyber defence and will, possibly with the support of the Observatory of Critical Technologies, map and identify existing The ‘Emerging Disruptive Technologies (EDTs): A capability-driven Action Plan’ was approved by the EDA Steering Board in Research & Technology Directors composition on 16 December 2021. 47 Including JRC 46 14