4.3 Integrated Information Infrastructure nologies) and ensure integration of ICT infrastructure deployment with other infrastructure deployments while sharing critical infrastructure. In addition, hotspots (using unlicensed spectrum) will be implemented in universities, colleges, schools, hospitals, town centres, bus stations, and other public spaces. This would enhance affordable access, especially by the youth. ‘The Government will fast-track the deployment of broadband in under-served areas using appropriate technologies’ Strategy S2: Develop, implement and institutionalize a cyber security management framework. The Government will facilitate the establishment of appropriate institutional and legal framework to safeguard infrastructure, information and applications. The Government will also implement the Cyber Security Master Plan. This will boost ICT enabled economic development by providing trust and confidence to users of available services such as the national payment gateway, electronic commodity exchange and general cyber security. Strategy S3: Consolidate, develop and implement shared infrastructure and services management policies, standards and structures. There is an urgent need to consolidate all currently deployed Government ICT infrastructure, identifying deployment gaps and implementing shared management policies and internationally recognized standards. These policies, standards and structures will be used to guide the roll out of Government shared services. The government’s National Broadband Strategy articulates in greater detail strategies towards the realization of infrastructure and connectivity in the country. The flagship projects to be implemented before 2017/2018 are: a) Providing affordable and quality broadband infrastructure to underserved areas. b) Creating school and health networks that p r o vide broadband connectivity to all schools and health centres, respectively. c) Providing quality and secure ICT infrastructure to all National and County Government offices, while ensuring maximum sharing of ICT infrastructure d) Making Mombasa an international internet exchange point ..60 .................................................................................................................Towards ...............a...Digital .............Kenya ............ 4.3.1 Setting the Context The information infrastructure foundation concerns itself with the creation, continuous update, accessibility, and archiving of public information and other public accessible information in a manner that eases accessibility, communication, dissemination and processing to promote public service delivery, transparency, accountability, and enable the country to transition to a knowledge-based society. Currently data and information is created and stored in disparate data formats and media, with the bulk being paper based. As a result, such information is difficult to access electronically. Additionally, in most instances, each Ministry, Department and Agency (MDA) has its own data set concerning a similar entity. For example, when a citizen visits a hospital, the hospital stores the medical information, which is not available to another hospital. This is critical especially during emergencies, which can even lead to loss of life. The scenario is replicated across various sectors resulting in fragmented data sets, duplication of effort, wasted resources and inconsistent data. Similarly, there is lack of data linkages between various data sets in instances where the need for cross reference is required for a service to be completed. For example, when a citizen is applying for utilities such as electricity or water, there is a need to provide KRA PIN number which would be made easily available if the two data sets were linked via a data sharing mechanism. ‘Kenya has made steps towards e-Government services and enhancing transparency by hosting some of the data on the open data gateway.’ Citizens are also obligated to reproduce documentation of personal information, which is already in the custody of other Government agencies. On the other hand, the Government does not benefit from intelligence information that other public agencies have, for various enforcement programs. Kenya has made steps towards e-Government services and enhancing transparency by hosting some of the data on the open data gateway. Indeed, Kenya is ranked 119 in the 2012 UN e-Government ranking , upwards from 124 in 2010. However, updating the available information that is online and provision of e-services is neither continuous, 61 Towards a Digital Kenya ..............................................................................................................................................................