Strategy S3: Strengthen and structure ICT professional development in Kenya. a) Increased PhD throughput of local universities in the areas of computer science, information systems and electrical/electronic engineering by at least 100 per year by 2017. 30-40% of the ICT faculty in local universities would have doctoral degrees and would be active researchers. b) A common ICT course in all university programmes to ensure that all graduates have ICT literacy skills. Strategy S3: Strengthen and structure ICT professional development in Kenya. This strategy requires development of guidelines for training of ICT graduates by companies with certification. In engineering, this will be developing a graduate engineering training program for at least one year. At the end of the industry training, the ICT graduate trainees will be required to pass some locally developed certification programs for different areas of ICT. In the software development area, Chipuka program has developed certification for entry-level professionals. Implementation of this program will require a strong ICT professional association. This association must be established by law in a similar fashion to ICPAK, IEK or LSK. Such an association would run e- learning continuing education courses for all ICT professionals. This is a role taken up by institutions like IEEE in some parts of the world. b) ICT workforce development and public digital literacy Objective O2: Develop ICT ready workforce Strategy S1: Collaborate with relevant policy makers and regulators to integrate ICT into education and training at all levels. One of the most effective and efficient method of developing the ICT workforce is to integrate ICT in schools, colleges and universities curriculum for non-ICT subjects. The following are the pre-requisites for success in the integration of ICT in education: a) Achievement of minimum ICT readiness for the schools, colleges and universities. The minimum readiness is a computer lab with internet access. This not only requires physical building infrastructure to se- ..50 .................................................................................................................Towards ...............a...Digital .............Kenya ............ cure the lab but availability of electricity. b) Trained ICT teachers capable of enhancing teaching of primary and secondary school children with technology. This requires changing the way teachers are trained in colleges and universities. c) Development of digital content for all education levels using multimedia technologies. The use of ICT in education increases the cost of education and requires more committed and better trained teachers. To address this strategy, the following would be imperative: a) Integrate ICT in teacher training institutions (universities and colleges) starting the year 2015. This will require ICT infrastructure investments by the institutions and capacity development of the lecturers and instructors of teacher training colleges. b) School-based capacity development of primary and secondary school teachers. This would start by launching a school-based ICT training for all secondary school teachers followed by primary school teachers. An e-learning module for training teachers with technology would be introduced at the same time to ensure that the teachers stay current and develop their skills on a continuous basis. It would also prepare teachers to integrate ICT in secondary schools starting the year 2016 and in primary schools in 2017 with the following targets: Strategy S1: Collaborate with relevant policy makers and regulators to integrate ICT into education and training at all levels. • 100% integration of ICT in teacher education in all teacher training institutions and universities. • Availability of locally relevant multimedia content for use in primary and secondary schools. This would be available through a regulated national educational portal. One of the critical flagship projects that is being implemented is the school laptop project beginning in 2014. Provision of laptops as teaching and learning tools for pupils entering standard one will transform education and help to create a knowledge society. This project must include: • review of school curriculum • conversion of courseware into digital form 51 Towards a Digital Kenya ..............................................................................................................................................................