now clear that government institutions too must work together to ensure cyber security. In cyberspace, it is no longer possible to distinguish clearly between internal and external security. Maintaining cyber security and defending against cyber attacks have thus become a task for government as a whole. The strategic approaches and objectives of the 2011 Cyber Security Strategy remain largely valid today. However, constantly changing conditions have made it necessary to expand the strategy and incorporate it into a larger interministerial effort which pays appropriate attention to the relevance and horizontal nature of cyber security and addresses this issue in a comprehensive way. The 2016 Cyber Security Strategy provides the interministerial strategic framework for the Federal Government’s activities related to cyber security and updates the 2011 Cyber Security Strategy. The federal states (Länder) and private industry were included in the process of developing the new strategy. 4