legal framework to determine whether government agencies could conduct network operations and if so, what technical options they could use in these cases. Intensifying law enforcement in cyberspace The Federal Government will further intensify its efforts to fight cyber crime in the coming years. To do so, intensive information-sharing and knowledge transfer at national and international level will be necessary. Justice and law enforcement authorities will also need additional technical and specialized capabilities. The relevant basic and advanced training curriculum is being developed. The Federal Government will also work to improve the conditions for recruiting and developing skilled staff in the fields of investigation, cyber crime and digital forensics. High-performance analysis and evaluation systems are to be built for the federal and state-level security authorities. The Federal Government will work to make sure that the powers and capabilities of the security authorities keep up with the latest technological developments so that there are no gaps in threat prevention and law enforcement. Investigative measures in the field of information technology surveillance must not be dependent on a particular technology, to ensure that they remain efficient and state of the art. Fighting cyber espionage and sabotage effectively For foreign intelligence services, cyber attacks on government IT systems and those of businesses, research institutes and their employees represent a significant source of information. The Federal Government has responded by reorganizing its counterintelligence efforts and will continue its 360° monitoring of all activities by foreign intelligence services in Germany. The BfV’s directorate-general for counterintelligence has added staff and undergone targeted restructuring, with a focus on cyber espionage: technical and expert analysis and evaluation of attacks on federal agencies and other targets which are thought to be the work of 23