70   No. 39475 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 4 DECEMBER 2015 NATIONAL CYBERSECURITY POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR SOUTH AFRICA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) are indispensable in modern society. The interconnectivity of computer networks contributes significantly to economic growth, education, citizens' participation in social media and many others. 2. This new electronic environment is commonly known as cyberspace. The dependence of the daily functioning of society on information communication technology solutions has led to a concomitant need for the development of adequate security measures. This is because the danger that Cybersecurity threats pose, is real. 3. The numerous cyber-attacks launched in recent years against advanced information societies aimed at undermining the functioning of public and private sector information systems have placed the abuse of cyberspace high on the list of international and also local security threats. stake, it is Given the seriousness of cyber threats and of the interests at therefore imperative that the comprehensive use of information communication technology solutions be supported by a high level of security measures and be embedded in a broad and sophisticated Cybersecurity culture. For this reason, the cyber threats need to be addressed at both the global and national levels. 4. National Cybersecurity is a broad term encompassing the many aspects of electronic information, data and media services that affect a country's security, economy and wellbeing. Ensuring the security of a country's cyberspace therefore comprises a range of activities at different levels. 5. World-wide Cybersecurity strategies are being developed and are aimed at setting policy goals, measures and institutional responsibilities in a succinct manner. Generally, the primary concern is to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability (C-1-A) of computer data and systems and to protect against or prevent intentional and non-intentional incidents and attacks. Priority is also given to critical information infrastructure protection (CliP). 6. These strategies normally also contain measures against or reference to cybercrime. Measures against cybercrime provide a criminal justice response to C-1-A attacks against computers and thus complement responses. technical and procedural Cybersecurity However, cybercrime comprises also offences committed by means of computer data and systems, ranging from the sexual exploi tation of children to fraud, hate speech, intellectual property rights (IPR) infringements and many other offences. Furthermore, any crime may involve electronic evidence in one way or the other. While this may not be labelled "cybercrime", a cybercrime strategy would nevertheless need to ensure that the forensic capabilities be created that are necessary to analyse electronic 5 This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za