ACTION ITEM 1 REINFORCING INTELLIGENCE, LAW ENFORCEMENT, AND DEFENSE CAPABILITIES National cyber protection and ICT security require an in-depth knowledge of both technological and human vulnerabilities as well as of the threat that exploit them. 1.1 Threat and vulnerability analysis a. Assess and evaluate cyber threats and vulnerabilities on a regular basis. b. Monitor technological innovations on ICT systems and platforms employed in strategic domains and Critical Infrastructures in order to anticipate potential vulnerabilities. c. Share relevant analysis with Operators of Essential Services and Critical Infrastructures through dedicated institutional platforms. d. Cooperate with universities and research centers in order to develop new methodologies and technologies aimed at detecting/analyzing vulnerabilities and threats. 1.2 Cyber intelligence and cyber knowledge management a. Improve collection, analysis, and dissemination capabilities on cyber threats. b. Improve threat detection through the development of traffic monitoring and analysis capabilities. c. Implement early warning procedures. d. Develop integrated intelligence capabilities (inter-organization and multisources). 13