ACTION ITEM 4 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND CYBER EXERCISES Cyber threats are transnational by definition. A common level of competence and interoperability is needed in order to counter them. 4.1 Enhancing bilateral and multilateral cooperation a. Consolidate relations with EU and NATO members, and other partner nations. b. Maximize integration and interoperability of cybersecurity operations’ planning and implementation through joint activities at Defense, inter-Ministry, NATO, EU, and multinational level. c. Participate in international fora to monitor latest evolutions and to keep up at national level. 4.2 Cyber exercises a. Organize recurring national cyber exercises (eg. Cyber Italy), involving Critical Infrastructures and Operators of Essential Services as well as others ICT strategic players. 19