information gathering power; and, a Ministerial power to issue directions in cases where there are significant national security concerns that cannot be addressed through other means. The Act contains a number of safeguards and review mechanisms to ensure it is operating as intended. The Telecommunication and Other Legislation Act 2017, known as the Telecommunication Sector Security Reforms (TSSR), amends the Telecommunications Act 1997 to establish a regulatory framework to better manage the national security risks of espionage, sabotage and foreign interference to Australia’s telecommunications networks and facilities. The TSSR reforms contain four key elements: a security obligation to protect networks and facilities from unauthorised access and interference; an obligation to notify the Government of changes to a network or facility, an information gathering power; and, a Ministerial directions power to do, or not do, a specified thing that is reasonably necessary to protect networks and facilities from national security risks. The Act contains a number of safeguards and review mechanisms to ensure it is operating as intended. The Trusted Information Sharing Network (TISN) for Critical Infrastructure Resilience was established by the Australian Government in 2003. It is Australia's primary national engagement mechanism for businessgovernment information sharing and resilience building initiatives on critical infrastructure resilience. The TISN provides a secure environment for critical infrastructure owners and operators across eight sector groups to regularly share information and cooperate within and across sectors to address security and business continuity challenges. In July 2017, the Australian Government agreed with the recommendation of the 2017 Independent Intelligence Review that ASD become a statutory agency within the Defence portfolio. The review also recommended that ASD’s legislative mandate be amended to explicitly recognise its national responsibilities for cyber security, including the provision of advice and assistance to businesses and the community and that it take formal responsibility for the ACSC. When the ACSC became part of ASD on 1 July 2018, it brought together cyber security capabilities from across the Australian Government to improve the cyber resilience of the Australian community and support the economic, social and environmental prosperity of Australia in the digital age. ASD publishes cyber security advice for government, businesses and the community, including:  The Australia Government Information Security Manual, which outlines a cyber security framework that organisations can apply, using their risk management framework, to protect their information and systems from cyber threats. www.dfat.gov.au/cyberaffairs esafety.gov.au/parents