34 36 2024 brought a record number of vulnerabilities Much to the advantage of attackers, users of vulnerable software were often slow to update it. 2024: Events in the international cyberspace Last year saw influence operations surrounding elections, Chinese hackers breaching telecom companies, and a widespread IT system disruption caused by CrowdStrike. 44 48 40 The Red Dragon spreads its wings China’s ambition to become the world’s leading power by 2050 is bolstered by its state-sponsored cyber groups. SAFER CYBERSPACE 42 EESTI VABARIIK V Cybersecurity is a matter of national sustainability Cybersecurity is more than an IT concern – it is a matter of national sustainability, argue Taavi Viilukas, Irina Klementi and Kaido Tee from the National Cybersecurity Department of the Ministry of Justice and Digital Affairs. EESTI VABARIIK V CYBER SECURITY IN ESTONIA 2025 50 52 54 56 Estonian schools should prioritise cybersecurity The level of cybersecurity measures in schools varies widely, and the overall situation leaves much to be desired. Prevention efforts for all generations We conducted workshops for older adults, launched a campaign aimed at younger generations, and published guides for children and their parents. EU steps in cybersecurity What did the European Union achieve in cybersecurity in 2024, and what lies ahead in 2025? How can Estonia shorten its cyber borders? Over the past decade, the number of state-maintained databases has nearly tripled, significantly extending Estonia’s cyber border, which requires monitoring and protection. I-voting: 20 years of progress The local government elections in October 2025 will mark the 20th anniversary of i-voting in Estonia. What to expect in cyberspace in 2025 EESTI VABARIIK V EESTI VABARIIK V 5