SAFER CYBERSPACE ● incidents, such as account hijackings that result in inappropriate mass emails or phishing attempts being sent to students, parents or colleagues, can cause lasting reputational damage. Such incidents can usually be avoided by vigilance and adherence to basic cybersecurity The loss of teaching materials due to technical errors or cyberattacks can impose a heavy burden on teachers, requiring hours of additional work to recreate the lost content. hygiene. Account takeovers often begin with phishing links, malware attachments, unpatched software, carelessly discarded papers with passwords, or a teacher leaving their computer unlocked and unattended – an easy temptation for a mischievous student. Enabling multi-factor CYBER SECURITY IN ESTONIA 2025 authentication is strongly recommended to protect user accounts better. YEARS OF WORK CAN BE ERASED IN MOMENTS Many cyber incidents stem from technical failures rather than malicious intent. Today, a significant proportion of teaching materials are created digitally, and learning outcomes are often recorded exclusively in digital formats. The loss of teaching materials due to technical errors or cyberattacks can impose a heavy burden on teachers, requiring hours of additional work to recreate the lost content. Years of work can disappear in an instant. Similarly, the deletion or malicious alteration of grades can cause significant confusion for students and future complications when verifying academic records. In August 2024, all server data at the Järvamaa Vocational Training Centre was lost in a ransomware attack, with no backups available. The Tallinn Health Care College was more fortunate in June, as it managed to restore staff ➜ 45