12 GAZETTE, 2 AUGUST 2002 GOVERNMENT No. 23708 Act No. 25,2002 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSACTIONS ACT. 2002 “cryptographyproduct”means any product that makesuse of cryptographic techniques andis used by a sender or recipient of data messages for thepurposes of ensuring( a ) that such data can be accessed only by relevant persons; (6) the authenticity of the data; 5 (c) the integrity of the data; or (d) that the source of the data can be correctly ascertained; “cryptography provider” means any person who provides or whoproposes to provide cryptography services or products in the Republic; “Cryptography service” means any service which is provided to a sender or a 10 recipient of a data message or to anyone storing a data message, and which is designed to facilitate the use of cryptographictechniques for thepurpose of ensuring(u) that such data or datamessagecanbeaccessed orcanbe put into an intelligible form only by certain persons; 15 (6) that the authenticity or integrity of such data or data message is capable of being ascertained; (c) the integrity of the data or data message; or (d) that the source of the data or data message can be correctly ascertained; “cyber inspector” means an inspector referred to in Chapter XII; 20 “data” means electronic representations of information in any form; “data controller” means any person who electronically requests, collects, collates, processes or stores personal information from or in respect of a data subject; “data message” means data generated,sent, received or stored by electronic means and includes25 (a) voice, where the voice is used in an automated transaction; and (b) a stored record; “data subject” means any natural person from or in respect of whom personal information has been requested, collected, collated, processed or stored, after the commencement of this Act: 30 “Department” means the Department of Communications; “Director-General’’ means the Director-General of the Department; “domain name” means an aiphanumeric designation that is registered or assigned in respect of an electronic address or other resource on the Internet; “domainname system” meansasystem to translatedomainnamesinto IP 35 addresses or other information; “e-government services” means any public service provided by electronic means by any public body in the Republic: “electronic agent” means a computer program or an electronic or other automated means used independently to initiate an action or respond to data messages or 40 performances in whole or in part, in an automated transaction; “electronic communication” means a communication by means of data messages; “electronicsignature”meansdata attached to,incorporated in. or logically associated with other dataand which is intended by the user to serve as a signature; “e-mail” means electronic mail, a data message used or intended to be used as a 45 mail message between the originator and addressee in an electronic communication; “home page” means the primary entry point web page of a web site; “hyperlink”means a reference or link from some point in one datamessage directing a browser or other technology or functionality to another data message or 50 point therein or to another place in the same data message; “ICANN” means the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, a California non-profit public benefit corporation established in terms of the laws of the state of California in the United States of America; “information system” means a system for generating. sending, receiving, storing, 55 displaying or otherwise processing data messages and includes the Internet; “information system services” includes the provision of connections, the operation of facilities for informationsystems, the provision of access to information systems, the transmission or routing of data messages between or among points specified by a user and the processing and storage of data, at the individual request 60 of the recipient of the service;