32 9. The Chief of the General Staff implements his command through the Principal Commands, carrying out the relevant efforts. These efforts may be independent16, or applied by a number of Principal Commands. Reciprocal relations exist among efforts, organized as part of the C&C campaign arrangement. 10. An appropriate C&C architecture should be specifically defined for each campaign. It should be planned in such a manner so as to optimize the use of force. The C&C architecture shall utilize the IDF's capabilities both in independent and in combined efforts. Therefore, it must be a part of the battle plan, set at the outset of the event, tested during the event, and modified as required. The Principal Commands 11. The operational arenas are domains under the authority of the commanders of the Principal Commands. These commanders have overall responsibility to accomplish their missions. 12. The commanders of the Principal Commands are required to implement their authority over the operational arena, during Routine, Emergency and War (REW). They are required to achieve two basic missions: to protect the sovereignty of the State of Israel, within their arena (geographical/dimensional), and to develop operational knowledge related to their responsibility. 13. The duty of the Principal Commands is to develop knowledge in a broad context, for internal purposes and for other Principal Commands relevant needs. Principles of Command and Control 14. Mission command – is at the core of the C&C concept. It requires preservation, despite the multiple C&C measures and processes, through which information flows among the various levels. 15. Unity of command – each commander is subordinate to a single commander at any point in time. Orders shall be given in accordance to the chain of command and based on the principle that the last order is the determining one – and each supervising commander may override the orders of their subordinates. 16 An effort applied by a single Principal Command.