A. Rationale & Objectives Cybercrime capacity-building programs generally focus on strengthening the response of criminal justice actors to various forms of cybercrime. Once a crime has been committed, ICT-storedevidence must be preserved and protected (see section 2 C, below). Cybercrime and e-evidence are transversal and transnational challenges requiring cooperation at all levels: interagency, public/ private (in particular law enforcement/internet service provider) and international cooperation. Strengthening these various avenues of cooperation should be reflected in the objectives of any capacity-building program. B. Supporting a Process of Change As with any other capacity-building program requiring technical cooperation, cybercrime capacitybuilding programs are implemented to support processes of change. To take effect, such processes, as well as their objectives and expected outcomes, must be not only defined but also “owned” by the institution receiving support. Doing so creates an institution-wide “culture”, one which is exemplified by leadership from above and which is implemented at all levels.9 Without commitment from the top to a clearly defined process of change, it will be difficult for the larger institutional “cultural” issues to take root. For example, while ad hoc training courses for judges and prosecutors might well be beneficial to the participants, without a sustained effort, it may have limited impact on the system with temporary results. By contrast, a more holistic, sustained and longer-term approach is preferable. For example, such a sustained effort methodically develops a capacity-building program that begins by training trainers, piloting courses, including standardized training materials and integrating curricula across institutions having shared or related competencies for cybercrime. Additionally, once a defined strategy is in place, donors can better coordinate their inputs in a complementary and more effective manner. II. Elements of Capacity-building Programs As described in sections 1 B and 1 C, above, cybercrime is a large and broad topic. Accordingly, capacity-building programs targeting cybercrime should be likewise encompassing. Areas of focus might include (A) elaborating cybercrime policies and strategies, (B) elaborating effective, cybercrime-specific legislation, (C) creating cybercrime specialized law enforcement units, (D) training government authorities and personnel in cybercrime matters, (E) encouraging cooperation between the public and private sectors and (F) furthering international cooperation. Page 47 | Chapter 1 | § D. Framework for a Capacity-building Program Table of Contents