arrangement of crime, if consequently such crime was not finished due to
uncontrolled circumstances.
(2) Criminal liability shall only be imposed for preparation for
severe or particularly severe crime.
Article 28. Criminal Attempt
Action or omission committed with direct intent, directly aimed at
completion of crime, shall be recognized a criminal attempt if such crime
was not finished due to circumstances out of doer's control.
Article 29. Voluntary Renunciation of Criminal Purpose
(1) Seizure of preparatory activities or action or omission aimed
directly at commitment of a crime by doer shall be recognized voluntary
renunciation of criminal purpose if the doer realized and had actual
opportunity for finishing the crime.
(2) An act which criminal purpose was voluntarily renunciated shall
not lead to criminal liability. A person voluntarily renunciating to
complete the crime shall only be criminally liable if actually completed
act contains components of another crime.
(3) Voluntary renunciation by crime organizer, instigator or
accomplice shall exclude criminal liability if such person have in good
time undertaken all possible measures to prevent completion of crime and
occurrence of socially dangerous consequences.
CHAPTER 7. CRIMINAL COMPLICITY
Article 30. Criminal Complicity
(1) Criminal complicity is an intended joint involvement of two or
more persons in commitment of an intended crime.
(2) Criminal participants, along with principal offenders, are
crime organizers, instigators and accomplices.
(3) Principal offender is a person directly committing the crime or
directly participating in its completion jointly with other persons as
well as those committing crime through engagement of other persons not
criminally liable by act of law.
(4) Organizer is a person that organized the crime or managing its
execution, as well as person that formed or managed an organized group or
criminal association.
(5) Instigator is a person that induced the crime.
(6) Accomplice is a person that assisted the crime through
counseling, instructing, providing means or eliminating obstacles, or
other person that in advance promised to conceal offender's traces,
instruments or means of crime, crime traces or objects obtained
illegally, and a person that in advance promised to obtain or dispose of
such objects.
(7) Liability imposed on organizer, instigator and accomplice shall
take its effect under the same article of the Special Part of the
Criminal Code as applied to the principal offender, with reference to
this article.
Article 31. Forms of Complicity