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study in this area. It noted that additional norms could be developed over time.
Australia believes that elaborating how international law applies to States ’
behaviour in cyberspace in both conflict and non-conflict situations, while
acknowledging the complexities involved, is a priority task for the international
community.
The report also made groundbreaking recommendations on cyber confidence building measures. Australia recognizes that the elaboration of how international
law applies to States’ use of cyberspace is a long-term task. In the short term, there
is a need for practical measures to address and prevent problems between States in
cyberspace that may result from misperception and that could lead, through
miscalculation and escalation, to conflict. Regional security organizations are
particularly well-placed to consider, develop and implement cyber confidence building measures. Australia is leading work within the Association of Southeast
Asian Nations (ASEAN) Regional Forum to advance this important agenda, which ,
in view of varying capacities among members, should include capacity-building
objectives.
Austria
[Original: English]
[19 May 2014]
The Austrian Cybersecurity Strategy, adopted in March 2013, provides a
comprehensive and proactive concept for protecting cyberspace and people in
virtual space while guaranteeing human rights. It enhances the security and
resilience of Austrian infrastructures and services in cyberspace. Most importantly,
it serves to build the awareness and confidence of Austrian so ciety.
Global networking and international cooperation are essential to the Austrian
Cybersecurity Strategy. Security in cyberspace is pursued through a coordinated
policy mix at the national and international levels. Austria will engage in an active
“cyber foreign policy” in the framework of European Union, United Nations,
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Council of Europe,
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) partnerships based on a coordinated and
targeted approach.
Austria will contribute substantially to the implementation of the European
Union Cybersecurity Strategy, participating fully in the strategic and operational
work of the European Union. The competent ministries will take the necessary
measures to implement and take full advantage of the Convention on Cybercrime of
the Council of Europe. Austria advocates a free Internet at the international level.
The free exercise of all human rights must be guaranteed in virtual space;
particularly, the right to freedom of expression and information must not be
restricted unduly in the Internet.
Austria will continue its bilateral cooperation in the framework of its NATO
partnership and actively support the preparation of a list of concrete confidence- and
security-building measures in OSCE. Austria participates actively in planning and
implementing transnational cyberexercises. The experience gained will feed directly
into planning and further developing operational cooperation. The Ministry for
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