separate unofficial (non-paper) which has no status. This undermines the significance of the state’s efforts in this area. On Existing and Potential Threats, as we have mentioned in our submissions, a more comprehensive analyses of the threats to the ICT in the context of International Security require contemplating on a range of existing and potential threats which in one way or another put at risk the peaceful, human and secure nature of ICT environment. We emphasized that the threats already identified by other fora, should be re-visited. In this connection, we have identified including inter-alia 8 kind emerging threats as: threat or use of force in ICT environment, interference and ICT’s abuse for illegitimate geopolitical goals, unilateral coercive and other measures in ICT environment, threats arising from “content”, hostile Image-building and fabricated attribution in ICT environment, imbalance between role and responsibility of states and those of private sector, abuse of emerging technologies, abuse of ICT supply chain, with detailed elaboration of each. We are of the firm view that these identified emerging threats should be discussed thoroughly. The importance of a multi-stakeholder approach including the role of private sector, to ensuring international security is overestimated in zero draft, as they should observe rules, norms and policies of states where they operate. States should be seen to consider ways and means to hold them responsible. ICT environment as we have stated in our submissions, monopoly (in management) and anonymity of persons and things) are the main source of mistrust in internet, which necessitates relevant CBMs. The shortfalls and down sides of the current internet governance system to establish fair internet governance has not been reflected in CBM section. ICT related capacity building in zero draft has also yet to be further elaborated to make it a balanced, non-discriminatory and demand –driven approach. There is a need for concrete measures to remove the existing restrictive / blocking /limiting measures against countries and their possibility in future. 5

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