UN Resolutions aimed at spreading benefits of the new technologies to all nations. Next, we explore ITU’s cybersecurity mandate and concomitant activities. 4.1 WORLD SUMMIT ON THE INFORMATION SOCIETY (WSIS) The UN General Assembly Resolution 56/183 (21 December 2001) endorsed the holding 16 of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in two phases . The first WSIS phase took place in Geneva, Switzerland from 10 to 12 December 2003. The second phase took place in Tunis, Tunisia from 16 to 18 November 2005. 4.2 WSIS ACTION LINE C5 The WSIS Tunis Agenda underlined the value of multi-stakeholder action at international level. The Agenda took into account the themes and Action Lines in the earlier Geneva Plan of Action. The two Summits asked UN Agencies to facilitate Action Lines in areas of their expertise. As noted above, ITU is the specialised UN ICT agency. Therefore, world leaders participating in WSIS entrusted the ITU with the role of sole Moderator/Facilitator of Action Line C5, “Building confidence and security in the use of ICTs.” On 17 May 2007 newly elected ITU Secretary-General Dr. Hamadoun I. Touré launched the ITU Global Cybersecurity Agenda (GCA). The initiation of the GCA was in response to the WSIS Action Line C5 mandate as well as the instructions of the ITU Membership. 4.3 GLOBAL CYBERSECURITY AGENDA (GCA) The GCA is a framework for international multi-stakeholder cooperation on cybersecurity. It aims to build synergies with current and future initiatives and partners towards a safer and more secure information society. The GCA encourages collaboration with and between all relevant partners and builds on existing initiatives to avoid duplicating efforts (ITU 2010f). The 2010 Plenipotentiary Conference in Resolutions 130 and 170 reaffirmed the importance of the GCA and ITU’s role in public policy issues related to the illicit use of ICTs respectively. Within ITU, the GCA aggregates cybersecurity activities in the 17 three sectors. Figure 3 below illustrates the five Pillars/Work Areas of the GCA: 16 17 This paragraph is an extract from the WSIS website. For more information visit: http://www.itu.int/wsis/index.html The ITU operates in three sectors namely Development (ITU-D), Standardization (ITU-T) and Radiocommunication (ITU-R). 19