§ 2. The same punishment shall be imposed on anyone, who destroys, damages or renders unfit for use a navigational equipment or prevents operating thereof, when this may threaten the safety of persons. . Article 168. Whoever makes preparations for the offence specified in Article 163 § 1, Article 165 § 1, Article 166 § 1 or in Article 167 § 1, shall be subject to the penalty of deprivation of liberty for up to 3 years. Article 169. § 1. Whoever voluntarily removed the impending danger shall not be subject to the penalty for the offence specified in Article 164 or 167. § 2. If the perpetrator of the offence specified in Article 163 § 1 or 2, Article 165 § 1 or 2 or in Article 166 § 2, voluntarily averted the impending danger to the life and health of many persons, the court may apply an extraordinary mitigation of the penalty. § 3. The court may apply an extraordinary mitigation of the penalty to the perpetrator of the offence specified in Article 166 § 1, if he transferred the control of vessel to an authorised person. Article 170. Whoever arms or adapts a sea vessel designed to perform an act of piracy on the high seas, or agrees to serve on such a vessel shall be subject to the penalty of the deprivation of liberty for a term of between 1 and 10 years. Article171. § 1. Whoever, without a required permit, or in breach of the conditions thereof, manufactures, processes, accumulates, possesses, uses or trades in an explosive substance or device, radioactive material, device emitting ionising radiation or any other item or substance which may cause widespread danger to human life or health, or to property of a considerable extent shall be subject to the penalty of the deprivation of liberty for a term of between 6 months and 8 years. § 2. The same punishment shall be imposed on anyone, who in breach of his duty allows the commission of the act specified in § 1. § 3. The same punishment shall be imposed on anyone, who relinquishes items specified in § 1 to an unauthorised person. 18