Article 109 (Citizens’ participation in politics) The direct and active participation in political life by men and women is a condition for and a fundamental instrument in the consolidation of the democratic system, and the law must promote both equality in the exercise of civic and political rights and the absence of gender-based discrimination in access to political office. Article 110 (Entities that exercise sovereignty) 1. The President of the Republic, the Assembly of the Republic, the Government and the Courts are entities that exercise sovereignty. 2. The formation, composition, competences and modus operandi of the entities that exercise sovereignty are those defined in the Constitution. Article 111 (Separation and interdependence) 1. The entities that exercise sovereignty must respect the separation and interdependence laid down in the Constitution. 2. No entity that exercises sovereignty and no organ of an autonomous region or local government organ may delegate its powers to other entities or organs, save in the cases and under the terms that are expressly provided for in the Constitution and the law. Article 112 (Normative acts) 1. Legislative acts comprise laws, executive laws and regional legislative decrees. 2. Without prejudice to the subordination of executive laws that are published under legislative authorisation and of those that develop the general bases of legal regimes to the corresponding laws, laws and executive laws possess equal force. 3. Organic laws, laws which must be passed by a two-thirds majority, and laws which, under the Constitution, are normative prerequisites for other laws or must be obeyed by other laws, possess superior legal force. 4. Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 227(1)(b) and (c), legislative decrees possess a regional scope and address matters set out in the political and administrative statute of the respective autonomous region that are not the exclusive competence of entities that exercise sovereignty. 5. No law may create other categories of legislative act, or grant other types of act the power to interpret, complete, modify, suspend or repeal any of its precepts in a way that produces external effects.