‫‪A/68/98‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻭﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ - ٥‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭ ﺃﻬﻧـﺎ ﺗـﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻷﻏــﺮﺍﺽ ﻣــﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺃﺧــﺮﻯ ﺧﺒﻴﺜــﺔ‪ .‬ﻓــﺄﻱ ﺟﻬــﺎﺯ ﻳــﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫــﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴــﺎ ﻗــﺪ ﻳﺘﺤــﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻹﺳﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺑـﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺧﺒﻴﺜـﺔ ﻳـﺴﻬﻞ ﺇﺧﻔـﺎﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟـﺎ ﺗﻌـﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻧــﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺎﻋــﻞ ﳏــﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫــﻮ ﻣــﺎ ﻳﻔــﺴﺢ ﺍﺠﻤﻟــﺎﻝ ﺃﻣــﺎﻡ ﺍﺣﺘﻤــﺎﻝ ﺍﺳــﺘﻐﻼﳍﺎ ﺑﻄــﺮﻕ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻔــﻚ ﺗــﺰﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﰐ ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﻠـﺖ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘـﺎﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﳑـﺎ ﻳﺰﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻔـﺎﻗﻢ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻮﺻـﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺒﻌـﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﻌـﻀﺎ ﰲ ﲨﻴـﻊ ﺃﳓـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﱂ‪ .‬ﻓـﺈﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﻫﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ﳎﻬﻮﻟـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻـﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻻﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﲣﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - ٦‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﺕ ﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺃﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﻸﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳍﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴــﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣــﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺗــﺸﻤﻞ ﻫــﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳــﺪﺍﺕ ﺟﻬــﺎﺕ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴــﺔ ﻭﻏــﲑ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴــﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺣــﺪ‬ ‫ﺳــﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻳــﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟــﻚ ﺍﺣﺘﻤــﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜــﻮﻥ ﻫــﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻷﻓــﺮﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋــﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤــﺎﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﲞﺎﺻـــﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤـــﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻴـــﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛـــﻼﺀ ﻟـــﺪﻭﻝ ﻳـــﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﳊـــﺴﺎﻬﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـــﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـــﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺧﺒﻴﺜﺔ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻃـﺮﺍﻑ ﻏـﲑ ﺩﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺧﺒﻴﺜـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺤﺪﺍﺙ ﻭﻧﺸﺮ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻛـﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺳـﻴﺐ ﺍﻟـﺸﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻳﺰﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻻﺕ ﻧـﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﻏـﲑ ﻣﻘـﺼﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﳑـﺎ ﻳﺰﻳـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻬﺗﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺳـﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - ٧‬ﻓﺎﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺗـﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﺘﺘـﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﺑﻴﻨـﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎﺕ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﻨﻴـﺪ؛ ﻭﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﺍﳍﺠﻤـﺎﺕ ﻭﲣﻄﻴﻄﻬـﺎ ﻭﺗﻨـﺴﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﺮﻭﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺸﻄﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ‪ .‬ﻓـﺈﺫﺍ ﻫـﻲ ﲢـﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﺠـﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻـﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻬﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﲣﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - ٨‬ﻭﻳــﺴﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟــﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻠــﻖ ﻣــﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺱ ﺧﺎﺻــﻴﺎﺕ ﻣــﻀﺮﺓ ﺩﺍﺧــﻞ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴــﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣــﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗــﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﲟــﺎ ﻳــﺴﺨﺮ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﳓــﻮ ﻳــﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺳــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌــﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺛــﻮﻕ ﳍــﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴــﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺴﻼﺳﻞ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﻬﺗﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺭﲟﺎ ﻳﻨﺴﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﻘـﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠـﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﺤـﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﺿﺮﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - ٩‬ﻭﻳﺘــﻴﺢ ﺗﻮﺳــﻴﻊ ﻧﻄــﺎﻕ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴــﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣــﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗــﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﻴــﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﳍﻴﺎﻛــﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧـﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻘﻴـﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﲣﺮﻳﺒﻴـﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺰﻳـﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫‪13-37164‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬