2 CYBER CRIME & CYBER SECURITY TRENDS IN AFRICA CONTENTS 4 Introduction 48 COUNCIL OF EUROPE OVERVIEW OF CYBER CRIME LEGISLATION IN AFRICA 5 Foreword 6 CYBER SECURITY TRENDS IN AFRICA 7 The Most Important Trends 7 Smartphones and The Internet of Things 9 Infographic: Peek into the Future: The Risk of Things 10 Cyber Crime: Ransomware Increased 35 Percent in 2015 12 Social Media, Scams, & Email Threats 13 Infographic: How The Gmail Scam Works 14 Safeguarding Against Social Engineering 14 Conclusions 16 Professionalization of Cyber Criminals, Zero Days Explode 17 Infographic: A New Zero-Day Vulnerability Discovered Every Week in 2015 17 Infographic: A New Zero-Day Vulnerability Discovered Every Week in 2015 18 Major Security Vulnerabilities in Three Quarters of Websites Globally 19 Global Big Numbers 21 MALICIOUS ACTIVITIES REPORT 22 Highlights 23 Overall Malicious Activity—Africa 25 Malicious Activity Data Tables 25 1. Attacks 26 2. Malware 27 3. Spam 28 4. Phishing hosts 29 5. Bots 30 6. C&C Servers 31 Top Attacks Originating from Africa 33 Top Attacks Targeting Africa 35 Top Malware Originating from Africa 37 Top Malware Targeting Africa 40 Top Named Botnet Families for Bots Originating from Africa 42 BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES 43 Best Practice Guidelines for Businesses 46 Best Practice Guidelines for Website Owners 47 Best Practice Guidelines for Consumers 49 The State of Cyber Crime Legislation in Africa – An Overview 49 1. Introduction: Why Should Countries of Africa Adopt Legislation on Cyber Crime and Electronic Evidence? 49 2. A Legal Framework on Cyber Crime and Electronic Evidence: What Is Required? 53 3. The Situation In Africa 57 4. Conclusions 58 59 59 61 62 64 65 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 71 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 81 83 84 85 86 90 91 91 92 AFRICAN UNION COUNTRY REPORTS Benin Burkina Faso Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Republic of Congo Democratic Republic of Congo Egypt Equatorial Guinea Gabon Gambia Ghana Cote d’Ivoire Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mozambique Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Somalia South Africa Sudan Togo Tunisia Zambia 94 Credits 95 About Symantec 95 More Information