well as the new and multifaceted dangers emanating from all possible directions and involving State and non-State actors. Recognizing the threat of the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) against critical infrastructure, noting increased concern over cyber-enabled interference in democratic processes, and bearing in mind the risk of misperceptions and uncontrolled escalation, we reaffirm our commitment to work within the G7 and other relevant international and multistakeholder fora to promote strategic frameworks for conflict prevention, cooperation and stability in cyberspace. This will be based on the applicability of existing international law to State behaviour in cyberspace, respect for human rights obligations, the promotion of voluntary and non-binding norms of responsible state behaviour during peacetime, the development and the implementation of practical cyber confidence building measures between States as well as capacity building initiatives. We reaffirm and note with approval the widespread affirmation by other States that international law and, in particular, the United Nations Charter is applicable to the use of ICTs by States, and essential to maintaining peace and stability and promoting an open, secure, stable, accessible and peaceful ICT environment. To increase predictability and stability in cyberspace, we call on States to publicly explain their views on how existing international law applies to States’ activities in cyberspace to the greatest extent possible. We reiterate our support for the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts on Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security (UN-GGE) process and look forward to a substantial outcome of the 2016-2017 UN-GGE, which should offer further clarity on the application of international law in cyber space, further elaborate on agreed norms of state behaviour during peacetime, advise on the development of confidence building measures and underline the crucial role of capacity building in assisting all states in implementing these undertakings. In this context, we call upon all States to be guided in their use of ICTs by the UNGGE’s cumulative reports and take measures to operationalize the recommendations contained therein. Against this background, we have adopted the G7 Declaration on Responsible States Behaviour in Cyberspace and reinforce our commitment to its strategic framework for conflict prevention, cooperation and stability in cyberspace, as a concrete contribution to peace and security, and we encourage similar commitments from other States. Joint Communiqué | G7 FOREIGN MINISTERS MEETING 25