related economic coercion and non-market policies and practices that undermine the functioning of and confidence in the rules-based multilateral trading system. They committed to work together to identify, deter, and address these policies and practices, including through multilateral institutions, such as the WTO. 23. The two leaders stressed the importance of fair and transparent grant financing and lending practices to achieve sustainable development in developing countries and called on all actors to adhere to international rules and standards, including those for lending and investment. Climate and Sustainability 24. The two leaders acknowledged the need for intensified global efforts to counter climate change, and committed to working together, including in agriculture and clean energy, to build on the outcomes of the COP26 Climate Summit and the latest deeply concerning IPCC reports. They emphasised the existential threat that climate change poses to the world, including many partners in the Pacific. They stressed the critical importance of effective finance in building climate resilience within the Pacific, particularly to support adaptation. They noted the importance of coordinating our trade and economic relationship towards our shared goal of net-zero carbon economies by 2050. They reiterated their strong support for the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases. Global Health 25. The two leaders affirmed the importance of strengthening the global health system to overcome the current pandemic and to address prevention, preparedness and response to future health emergencies, as part of progress towards universal health coverage. This includes strengthening the World Health Organization (WHO) and supporting it in its leading and coordinating role in the global health system. Nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation 26. Both leaders emphasised the importance of maintaining and strengthening the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) as the cornerstone of the international nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation regime, including through the activities pursued together in the framework of the Stockholm Initiative on Nuclear Disarmament. Both leaders stressed that global nuclear arsenals must continue to decline. Reaffirming the obligations of all States Parties under the NPT, including Article VI of the Treaty, they reiterated that considerable work remains to be done to advance nuclear disarmament. In view of the tense international security environment, both leaders reiterated that the 76-year record of non-use of nuclear weapons must be maintained, recognising the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons. 5/5